RURAL VISION

आंवले को आयुर्वेद में गुणों का फल माना गया है। चाहे आवंला स्वाद में कड़वा और कसैला हो लेकिन आंवला विटामिन का एक बहुत अच्छा स्त्रोत है। इसीलिए हिन्दू मान्यताओं के अनुसार इस फल को पूज्यनीय माना गया है। इसकी छांव में बैठकर खाने से भी अनेक रोग दूर होते हैं।
कहते हैं एक आंवले में 3 संतरों के बराबर विटामिन की मात्रा होती है। आवंला खाने से सबसे अच्छा प्रभाव बालों और त्वचा पर पड़ता है। आंवला खाने से लीवर को शक्ति मिलती है जिससे लीवर हमारे शरीर में से विषैले पदार्थों को शरीर में से आसानी से बाहर निकाल देता है।
आंवला हमारे पाचन तन्त्र और हमारी किडनी को स्वस्थ रखता है। आंवला अर्थराइटिस के दर्द को कम करने में भी सहायक होता है। साथ ही आंवले का स्वादिष्ट मुरब्बा ताकत देने वाला होता है। आंवले का चूर्ण मूली में भरकर खाने से मूत्राशय की पथरी में लाभ होता है। जो लोग स्वस्थ रहना चाहते हैं वो ताजा आंवला का रस शहद में मिलाकर पीने के बाद ऊपर से दूध पियें इससे स्वास्थ अच्छा रहता है। दिन भर प्रसन्नता का अनुभव होता है। आंवले का जूस पीने के भी बहुत से फायदे हैं पेट से जुड़ी सारी समस्याएं मिट जाती हैं। इसके नियमित सेवन से कभी बुढ़ापा नहीं आता है।

SAGWAN: Discription
Identification: Sagwan is a tall, deciduous tree. It has an erect trunk, a cylindrical bole and an umbrella like beautiful crown. It tends to be fluted at the base. Its bark is thin, fibrous and light brown or gray in color peeling off in long thin strips. Leaves are simple, opposite, large i.e. 30 to 50 cm x 25 cm, round, broad, pointed and thick in structure. New leaves appear in May-June. Teak flowers, which appear in July-August, are branched, 50 to 100 cm long whitish cymes. Individual florets are small and round with diameter of about 4 mm. The fruit appear in August-September and ripen between November and January.

Description: It is the popular plantation tree. It grows well in warm climate and well-drained soil. It grows naturally in central and southern India and is propagated artificially in the Indo-Gangetic plains, and the foothills from Bengal to Haryana and Punjab on comparatively lesser scale.

Uses: Apart from quality timber it provides, Sagwan has number of medicinal uses. According to Ayurveda, wood is acrid, cooling, laxative, sedative to gravid uterus and useful in treatment of piles, leucoderma and dysentery. Flowers are acrid, bitter and dry and useful in bronchitis, biliousness, urinary discharges etc. Roots are useful in treatment of urinary system related troubles. According to Unani system of medicine, the oil from flower is hair promoter and useful in scabies. Wood is good for headache, biliousness, burning sensation and pain and liver related troubles. It allays thirst and possess anthelmintic and expectorant properties. If you rub the leaves against your hand, it turns dark red. The leaves yield a kind of dye which is used locally in coloring clothes, edibles, etc.

SAGWAN PLANT DETAILS

Sagwan teak is normally called Tectona grandis (komari) in hindi .This will be entirly very similar to teak variety But growth of these sagwan teak tree is very fast. Each plant gives you around 15-18 cub/feet in 7 -8 yrs and your current market value of teak wood is 2500/cub feet it means one trees cost after growth become 15 x 2000= 30,000,in 7-8 years.

Use of these wood will like making furniture ,frames and allied uses. The Gmelina arbora and tectona grandis tissue culture is very fast growing spice in the universe so we also named as short term investment. The teak tissue culture plant will very fast and attaind the yield stage on completion of maximum 6 to 7 years. By this tree the farmer will get minimum assured income of Rs 30000/- per tree on completion of seventh year. If you extend the rearing of the gmelina arborea or tectona grandis for another 5 - 6 years the farmers will get nearly Rs 45000/-per tree .We can acccomadte nearly 450 –500 plants in one acre. By RURAL VISION PLANTATION PROGRAMME the cost of one plant is 100 rs if u purchase 100 plant they cost 10000 Rs grow in 7 - 9 yrs with 15 - 18 cbf wood each plant. Cost of one cuf teak wood is Rs. 2000/ in local market. Rs. 2000 x 15 cuf from one plant = Rs.30,000 /plant assured earning 100 plant x 30000 = RS. 30,00000 ( thirty lakhs )

ABOUT CANCER

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells are also called malignant cells.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Cells are the building blocks of living things.

Cancer grows out of normal cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the body needs them, and die when the body doesn't need them. Cancer appears to occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. It can also occur when cells forget how to die.

There are many different kinds of cancers. Cancer can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue.

There are many causes of cancers, including:

· Benzene and other chemicals

· Drinking excess alcohol

· Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison that can grow on peanut plants (aflatoxins)

· Excessive sunlight exposure

· Genetic problems

· Obesity

· Radiation

· Viruses

Types of cancers:

· Brain cancer

· Cervical cancer

· Hodgkin's lymphoma

· Kidney cancer

· Leukemia

· Liver cancer

· Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

· Ovarian cancer

· Skin cancer

· Testicular cancer

· Thyroid cancer

· Uterine cancer

Symptoms

Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the cancer. For example, lung cancer can cause coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Colon cancer often causes diarrhea, constipation, and blood in the stool.

Some cancers may not have any symptoms at all. In certain cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage.

The following symptoms can occur with most cancers:

· Chills

· Fatigue

· Fever

· Loss of appetite

· Malaise

· Night sweats

· Weight loss

:Treatment:

Treatment varies based on the type of cancer and its stage. The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location.

· If the cancer is confined to one location and has not spread, the most common treatment approach is surgery to cure the cancer. This is often the case with skin cancers, as well as cancers of the lung, breast, and colon.

· If the tumor has spread to local lymph nodes only, sometimes these can be removed.

· If surgery cannot remove all of the cancer, the options for treatment include radiation, chemotherapy, or both. Some cancers require a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

· Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is rarely treated with surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are most often used to treat lymphoma.

Although treatment for cancer can be difficult, there are many ways to keep up your strength.

If you have radiation treatment, know that:

· Radiation treatment is painless.

· Treatment is usually scheduled every weekday.

· You should allow 30 minutes for each treatment session, although the treatment itself usually takes only a few minutes.

· You should get plenty of rest and eat a well-balanced diet during the course of your radiation therapy.

· Skin in the treated area may become sensitive and easily irritated.

· Side effects of radiation treatment are usually temporary. They vary depending on the area of the body that is being treated.

If you are going through chemotherapy, you should eat right. Chemotherapy causes your immune system to weaken, so you should avoid people with colds or the flu. You should also get plenty of rest, and don't feel as though you have to accomplish tasks all at once.

It will help you to talk with family, friends, or a support group about your feelings. Work with your health care providers throughout your treatment. Helping yourself can make you feel more in control.

Prevention:

You can reduce the risk of getting a cancerous (malignant) tumor by:

· Eating a healthy diet

· Exercising regularly

· Limiting alcohol

· Maintaining a healthy weight

· Minimizing your exposure to radiation and toxic chemicals

· Not smoking or chewing tobacco

· Reducing sun exposure, especially if you burn easily

MALARIA

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Malaria is caused by a parasite that is passed from one human to another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. After infection, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel through the bloodstream to the liver, where they mature and release another form, the merozoites. The parasites enter the bloodstream and infect red blood cells.

The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then break open within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. The symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours.

Most symptoms are caused by:

· The release of merozoites into the bloodstream

· Anemia resulting from the destruction of the red blood cells

· Large amounts of free hemoglobin being released into circulation after red blood cells break open

Malaria can also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn baby (congenitally) and by blood transfusions. Malaria can be carried by mosquitoes in temperate climates, but the parasite disappears over the winter.

The disease is a major health problem in much of the tropics and subtropics. The CDC estimates that there are 300-500 million cases of malaria each year, and more than 1 million people die from it. It presents a major disease hazard for travelers to warm climates.

In some areas of the world, mosquitoes that carry malaria have developed resistance to insecticides. In addition, the parasites have developed resistance to some antibiotics. These conditions have led to difficulty in controlling both the rate of infection and spread of this disease.

There are four types of common malaria parasites. Recently, a fifth type, Plasmodium knowlesi, has been causing malaria in Malaysia and areas of southeast Asia. Another type, falciparum malaria, affects more red blood cells than the other types and is much more serious. It can be fatal within a few hours of the first symptoms.

Symptoms

· Anemia

· Bloody stools

· Chills

· Coma

· Convulsion

· Fever

· Headache

· Jaundice

· Muscle pain

· Nausea

· Sweating

· Vomiting

Treatment

Malaria, especially Falciparum malaria, is a medical emergency that requires a hospital stay. Chloroquine is often used as an anti-malarial medication. However, chloroquine-resistant infections are common in some parts of the world.

Possible treatments for chloroquine-resistant infections include:

· The combination of quinidine or quinine plus doxycycline, tetracycline, or clindamycin

· Atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone)

· Mefloquine or artesunate

· The combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar)

The choice of medication depends in part on where you were when you were infected.

Medical care, including fluids through a vein (IV) and other medications and breathing (respiratory) support may be needed.

Prevention

Most people who live in areas where malaria is common have gotten some immunity to the disease. Visitors will not have immunity, and should take preventive medications.

It is important to see your health care provider well before your trip, because treatment may need to begin as long as 2 weeks before travel to the area, and continue for a month after you leave the area. In 2006, the CDC reported that most travelers from the U.S. who contracted malaria failed to take the right precautions.

The types of anti-malarial medications prescribed will depend on the area you visit. According to the CDC, travelers to South America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Asia, and the South Pacific should take one of the following drugs: mefloquine, doxycycline, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, or Malarone. Even pregnant women should take preventive medications because the risk to the fetus from the medication is less than the risk of catching this infection.

People who are taking anti-malarial medications may still become infected. Avoid mosquito bites by wearing protective clothing over the arms and legs, using screens on windows, and using insect repellent.

Chloroquine has been the drug of choice for protecting against malaria. But because of resistance, it is now only suggested for use in areas where Plasmodium vivax, P. oval, and P. malariae are present. Falciparum malaria is becoming increasingly resistant to anti-malarial medications.

For travelers going to areas where Falciparum malaria is known to occur, there are several options for malaria prevention, including mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), and doxycycline.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMME

In India, women perform several roles within the family, as well as in wider society. In response to these roles and responsibilities, innovations that address the practical needs of women as well as their strategic interests are crucial. Innovations need to be accompanied by enabling mechanisms to ensure their achievement. This is the route to social transformation in terms of women's empowerment.